GREIFSWALD, GERMANY – OCTOBER 29: A worker explains a photo taken about a year and a half ago that shows construction of the interior plasma chamber of the Wendelstein 7-X experimental fusion reactor at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics on October 29, 2013 in Greifswald, Germany. Scientists hope to heat a miniscule amount of hydrogen to 100 million degrees in order to melt the atomic cores into helium, thereby releasing large amounts of energy in a similar way as the sun. Due to be completed in 2014, the reactor could help scientists to get closer towards creating atomic fusion-based commercial power, which would be clean and virtually inexhaustible, as hydrogen comes from water. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)
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Germany, long a poster child for anti-nuclear sentiment following the 2011 Fukushima disaster, is now making a sharp pivot: the country is backing nuclear fusion research as a key part of its clean energy future. The move contrasts with Berlin’s 15-year retreat from nuclear fission, which was driven by safety concerns that led to the closure of reactors and a commitment to renewable energy.
The shift indicates increasing confidence in fusion technology, which offers nearly limitless energy with minimal radioactive waste. Unlike fission, fusion reactions are inherently safer, and recent experiments have begun to produce consistent net energy gains, a milestone first achieved at the U.S. National Ignition Facility and later repeated several times.
However, bringing fusion to commercial use will take time. Thomas Forner, CEO and co-founder of Focused Energy, predicts that fusion power could be operational within a decade—if a reliable industrial supply chain can be developed to produce the large quantities of specialized steel and thousands of custom parts required for a plant.
“This is the moment when decades of scientific groundwork meet policy ambition,” Forner told me. “Germany’s engagement signals that fusion is no longer a distant dream — it is a strategic, scalable energy option for the 21st century.”
Fusion, the process that powers the sun, works by smashing together tiny atoms of hydrogen to release energy. Unlike fission, which splits heavy atoms and produces long-lived radioactive waste, fusion offers the prospect of nearly limitless, clean power with minimal environmental risk. Scientists have pursued it for decades, but only recently have experiments begun to show the kind of energy gains needed to make commercial power feasible.
At the U.S. National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, researchers achieved a landmark milestone in 2022 known as ignition: a fusion reaction that produced more energy than was put into it. Since that first success, similar experiments have been repeated multiple times, confirming that the results are reproducible and not a one-off event.
These breakthroughs, verified through peer review, are increasing confidence among policymakers and utilities that fusion might one day power the grid. Fusion could ultimately be scaled into a dependable energy source.
“The results were peer‑reviewed and verified by outside experts, demonstrating the fundamental science basis for inertial fusion energy,” say scientists at the lab.
Industry And Supply Chain Challenges
Engineers work outside the structure where the array of lasers at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory are focused. The dome is about 10 meters in diameter, an has inputs for over 100 laser beams. The facility which cost about 3.5 billion dollars and opened earlier this year uses a series of lasers which planners hope will create a nuclear reaction as the beams are focused onto a receiver about the size of a kernel of corn. The research has implications for the production of energy for civilian uses as well as nuclear weapons testing. (Photo by David Butow/Corbis via Getty Images)
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Turning fusion from experimental success into a commercial reality requires more than laboratory breakthroughs. A single plant needs massive steel structures, thousands of precision-engineered components, and specialized materials—none of which appear overnight. Establishing a reliable supply chain is a critical step before fusion can power the grid at scale.
Focused Energy is partnering with German utility RWE to help meet that challenge. The collaboration is significant, as RWE brings industrial-scale project management, engineering expertise, and extensive experience in integrating new technologies into Europe’s energy grid. For Germany, the partnership signals more than financial backing; it represents a strategic bet that fusion can complement renewables while aligning with the country’s climate and energy security goals.
“Working with RWE accelerates the timeline for real-world deployment,” Forner says. “Achieving ignition in a lab is one thing. Turning that into a plant that reliably powers homes and industries is another. Germany is helping us bridge that gap.”
Despite the excitement, fusion has long been treated with caution. For decades, scientists and policymakers have warned that the technology was “always 30 years away,” and repeated delays have fueled skepticism that it might remain a distant dream.
What makes today different, Forner argues, is the convergence of scientific validation and industrial readiness. The recent ignition experiments at Lawrence Livermore have been peer reviewed and reproduced multiple times, demonstrating that energy gain is not a one-off fluke. Advances in engineering, supply chain planning, and materials science, along with partnerships with utilities such as Germany’s RWE, are creating the infrastructure necessary to translate laboratory success into commercial power.
“Fusion is no longer just a vision,” Forner says. “The science has been rigorously tested, and the industrial pathway is now clear. We have survived every technical critique thrown at us, and Germany’s engagement is proof that the technology is ready to move beyond the lab.”
Germany In The Global Race
A view inside the huge room that houses the lasers at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. The facility which cost about 3.5 billion dollars and opened earlier this year uses a series of lasers which planners hope will create a nuclear reaction as the beams are focused onto a receiver about the size of a kernel of corn. The research has implications for the production of energy for civilian uses as well as nuclear weapons testing. (Photo by David Butow/Corbis via Getty Images)
Corbis via Getty Images
Germany’s renewed engagement in fusion comes amid a worldwide race to commercialize the technology. The U.S., China, the U.K., and several other European nations are investing heavily in experimental reactors, advanced materials, and high-powered lasers or magnets to accelerate fusion research. Each breakthrough, from ignition experiments to engineering milestones, adds pressure on competitors to move from lab-scale demonstrations to grid-ready plants.
By joining this effort, Germany is signaling that it does not intend to lag behind. The country’s combination of industrial capacity, engineering expertise, and utility-scale partners, such as RWE, gives it a potential edge in translating scientific breakthroughs into operational power plants. For policymakers, the move also represents a hedge against the limits of intermittent renewables. In other words, if fusion reactors—or small modular reactors relying on fission—can provide 24/7, low-carbon baseload energy, it would be a huge step for humankind.
Experts from Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, one of Germany’s leading applied research firms, argue that the country’s deep industrial and engineering expertise could help the nation capture the first wave of fusion commercialization—not only by producing energy, but also by exporting high-tech infrastructure, know-how, and licensing.
“With outstanding expertise in research and technology, our country is well-positioned to make fusion‑based, carbon-neutral energy generation a reality,” said Holger Hanselka, President of the Fraunhofer‑Gesellschaft, in a release.
Germany’s embrace of fusion signals more than a technological experiment; it marks a strategic recalibration in energy policy. By leveraging its industrial base and partnering with Focused Energy, the country positions itself at the forefront of a global race that includes the U.S., China, the U.K., and other European nations.
While commercial fusion is still roughly a decade away, the convergence of reproducible scientific breakthroughs, rigorous peer reviews, and a coordinated industrial supply chain suggests that the era of boundless, clean energy is finally within reach. For Germany — and the world — the countdown to practical fusion has begun.
SEE ALSO:
Nuclear Fusion Is Not A Moonshot
Source: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2025/12/08/germany-shifts-to-nuclear-fusion-after-fukushima-era-fission-policy/
